Respiratory strategy is a major determinant of [3H]water and [14C]chlorpyrifos uptake in aquatic insects

نویسندگان

  • D. B. Buchwalter
  • J. J. Jenkins
  • L. R. Curtis
چکیده

Despite the extensive use of aquatic insects to evaluate freshwater ecosystem health, little is known about the underlying factors that result in sensitivity differences between taxa. Organismal characteristics (respiratory strategy and body size) were used to explore the rates of [H]H2O and [ 14C]chlorpyrifos accumulation in aquatic insects. Ten aquatic insect taxa, including ephemeropteran, trichopteran, dipteran, hemipteran, and coleopteran species, were exposed to [14C]chlorpyrifos (240 ng·L–1) and [H]H2O for up to 12 h. Because exchange epithelial surfaces on the integument are permeable to water, [H]H2O was used as a quantitative surrogate for exposed cellular surface area. [14C]Chlorpyrifos uptake rates were highly correlated with water permeability in all 10 taxa tested and largely covaried with body size and respiratory strategy. Rates were highest among smaller organisms on a per-weight basis and in taxa with relatively large external cellular surfaces such as gills. Air-breathing taxa were significantly less permeable to both [H]H20 and [ 14C]chlorpyrifos. A method for labeling exposed epithelial surfaces with a fluorescent dye was developed. This technique allowed discrimination between exchange epithelium and barrier tissue on the integument. Fluorescent dye distributions on the body surface provided a rapid method for estimating exposed epithelium consistent with [H]H20 and [ 14C]chlorpyrifos accumulation. Résumé : Bien que les insectes aquatiques aient beaucoup servi à l’évaluation de la santé des écosystèmes d’eau douce, on connaît mal les facteurs sous-jacents aux différences de sensibilité entre les taxons. Des caractéristiques des organismes (stratégie respiratoire et taille du corps) nous ont servi à explorer les taux d’accumulation de [H]H2O et de [14C]chlorpyrifos chez les insectes aquatiques. Dix taxons d’insectes aquatiques, dont des espèces d’éphéméroptères, de trichoptères, de diptères, d’hémiptères et de coléoptères, ont été exposés au [14C]chlorpyrifos (240 ng·L–1) et à [H]H2O pour des périodes pouvant atteindre 12 h. Parce que les surfaces épithéliales d’échange du tégument sont perméables à l’eau, nous avons utilisé [H]H2O comme indice quantitatif de la surface cellulaire exposée. Les taux d’absorption de [14C]chlorpyrifos sont en forte corrélation avec la perméabilité à l’eau chez les dix taxons étudiés et varient généralement avec la taille du corps et la stratégie respiratoire. Les taux par unité de masse sont maximaux chez les plus petits organismes et chez ceux qui possèdent des surfaces cellulaires externes relativement grandes, telles que des branchies. Les taxons à respiration aérienne ont une perméabilité significativement réduite à [H]H2O et au [ 14C]chlorpyrifos. Nous avons mis au point une méthode pour marquer les surfaces épithéliales exposées à l’aide d’un colorant fluorescent. Cette technique nous a permis de distinguer l’épithélium d’échange et le tissu-barrière sur le tégument. La répartition du colorant fluorescent sur la surface du corps permet d’estimer rapidement l’épithélium exposé impliqué dans l’accumulation de [H]H2O et de [ 14C]chlorpyrifos. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Buchwalter et al. 1322

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تاریخ انتشار 2002